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35 - Basil

Ocimum basilicum
Varieties
  • Genovese
  • Nufar
  • Everleaf Thai Towers
Growing Conditions
Heat Tolerant | Greenhouse Performer | Grows Well in Containers
Disease and Pest Notes

Pest Info

  • Aphids can be controlled by physical removal (spraying plants with water, but only in areas where gray mold and downy mildew are not an issue), insecticidal soap, or horticultural oil. Ladybugs or parasitic wasps can also be purchased to depress aphid populations.
  • Japanese Beetles eat holes in the leaves, leaving the plants skeletonized. The best control methods include picking the beetles off plants and drowning them in a soapy water solution.

Disease Info

  • Downy Mildew is a major problem for basil growers and is best avoided by selecting resistant varieties and ensuring good airflow and sufficient drying in controlled climates.
  • Fusarium Wilt often results in stunted growth and wilted plants, and is best avoided by selecting resistant varieties.
  • Gray Mold can appear in areas where moisture levels are high and airflow between plants is not sufficient. Ensuring good sanitary practices and appropriate plant spacing are among the best ways to avoid a breakout.
  • Damping Off/Root Rot happens in the seedling stage when plants collapse after germinating. This can be avoided by using a clean potting soil source and sterilized pots. Avoid over-watering seedlings to reduce risk of damping off.
Mulch Type
Wood chips after planting | Compost mulch
Propagation
Seed
Life cycle
Seed germination treatment details
Basil has a lower germination rate than many seeds. Sow two per block?
Soil block size
3/4" and pot up to 2". If starting really early pot on to 4" or a pot.
Light requirements and depth
Press into soil block and cover with vermiculite. Cover tray with plastic until first seeds germinate.
Seed germination temperature
65-70°F
Heat mat temp
75°F
Planting details

Water propagation – Propagate from cuttings during growing season. Take cuttings from plant that hasn’t flowered or leaf node from non-flowering part.

8 – 10 days and then ready to pot up and harden off, then plant when ready. Keep potting mix moist as they’ve propagated in water. Use mycorrhizal inoculant around planting hole when potting up.

 

Culture and fertilization requirements

Moderately rich, moist soil. Basil is not drought tolerant and can be damaged by heat stress. Regular moisture throughout the growing season helps to ensure a good crop. To get the highest yield of tender and flavorful leaves, pinch the tip of each branch, starting in early summer when the plants are 6″ tall, to encourage bushiness.

Succession interval - maximum
21
Harvesting details

Begin light harvesting after plants have become established. It is best done in the early morning when the temperature is cooler and the leaves are less likely to wilt. A full harvest should be completed just before the plants start to flower. Cut the entire plant 4-6″ above the ground to promote a second growth. Leaves are easily bruised when picking, so handle carefully. Do not store at a temperature less than 50°F (10°C).

Keep pruned to grow veg and not flowers. Prune main leaders to stop flowering from occurring.

 

Current Seed Start & Transplant Dates

Note: Seed starting and transplant dates do not always correlate one to one with dates shown below. Note correct start and expected transplant dates on the tag of the tray for seed germination. Adjust dates with plant tags on a yearly basis if necessary. 8 ounces of fertilizer is about 1 cup. Consider Sustane various NPK and Alfalfa Meal or Blood Meal for nitrogen.

Seed Start to Transplant Days 42
Days to Maturity after Transplant 26
Days to Maturity Total 68
Succession Interval 42
Number of Plantings per Season 3 Spring
Number of Transplants per Plant Date 6 ( 3 of each variety )
Square Feet of Bed Space per Plant Date 6
Linear Feet of Bed Space per Plant Date 2
Spring Expected Harvest Date Range 06/15 to 11/01
Athens
Franklin


Transplant Details: 8" for succession | 12 - 16" to grow large

Direct Sow Dates ( if any )



Direct Sow Details: Direct seed (recommended): Plant seeds 1/4" deep, 2-3 seeds per inch, in rows 18" apart. Firm the soil over the seeds. Thinning is not necessary, but a final spacing of 4-8" apart produces healthy, full plants.

Seed Saving

Polination Type
Insect Pollination
Seed Collection
Harvest raceme when lowest part is brown
Seed Viability Years
5 years
Seed Cleaning and Storage
Cut off the brown and spent flower heads and let them dry for a few days in a warm, dry location. Crush the heads over the colander and pick out the old petals and any chaff. You can also put the dried seed heads into a paper bag and shake it, then crush the bag with a rolling pin, tip the pulverized plant material into a shallow tray and blow out the chaff.
Isolation Requirements
The different varieties will cross pollinate, so it is important to isolate a favorite cultivar by at least 150 feet.

Variety Details

Variety Name
Genovese
Variety Description
Classic Italian variety. Authentic flavor and appearance. Tall and relatively slow to bolt with large dark-green leaves about 3" long. This common strain of Genovese basil can present some variability in leaf shape and plant size. While quite suitable for field and garden. Ht. 24-30". Use a more modern and more uniform variety for greenhouse, container, or hydroponic production, such as Genovese Compact Improved, Aroma 2, Nufar, Dolly, Elidia, or Eleonora.
Seed Type
Open Pollinated
Seed Vendors
Johnnys 1000 seeds $6.50
Variety Name
Nufar
Variety Description
Fusarium-resistant Italian large-leaf type. For field or greenhouse growing. Leaves up to 4" long. Sweet scent and flavor with notes of anise. Intermediate resistance to Fusarium wilt. Ht. 24–30"
Seed Type
Open Pollinated
Seed Vendors
Johnny's | 200 seeds - $5.40 | 9,000 seeds - $10.90
Variety Name
Everleaf Thai Towers
Variety Description
Very slow bolting, incredibly productive plant with vibrant Thai flavor. Compared to Sweet Thai, Everleaf Thai Towers has larger leaves at 2–3", a taller, more productive plant habit, and is much later to flower. Plants are very upright with purple stems and densely packed, dark green leaves with a purple blush. Makes a beautiful, tidy, towering plant. Long, strong stems and profuse leaf production make it excellent for both bunching (from a field planting) and growing in pots. Similarly strong Thai/anise aroma to that of Sweet Thai. Compared to Cinnamon Basil, its aroma has less sweetness. Flowers/bolts 10–12 weeks later than standard Thai basil.
Seed Type
Open Pollinated
Special Notes
Holy Basil requires some light for germination, so sow more shallowly than other basils.
Seed Vendors
Johnny's | 50 seeds - $5 | 250 seeds - $12